PPA: cap/floor & indexation — avoiding overpaying

Pick a price model that keeps unit cost and risk under control over 5–15 years.

Price models

• Fixed — budget certainty, higher entry price.
• Cap/floor — limits extremes, shares upside.
• Indexation — market parity, needs hedging policy.

Volume & profile

• Model quarter‑hour profiles and balancing costs before signing.
• Consider seasonality, stoppages, power growth.

Critical clauses

• Force majeure/extraordinary events; termination mechanics.
• Settlement, data access, auditability, governance thresholds.